What does elaboration refer to in cognitive processes?

Elaboration in cognitive processes refers to the technique of relating new information to existing knowledge or something familiar to the individual. This approach enhances understanding and retention by creating meaningful connections between the new material and what one already knows. When learners engage in elaboration, they often find it easier to recall the new information later because it is integrated into their existing cognitive structures.

For example, when a student learns about a new concept, they might relate it to a similar concept they have already studied, thereby deepening their understanding and making the new information more memorable. This method contrasts with rote memorization, which focuses purely on repetition without understanding or connection, leading to less durable learning. By fostering these associations, elaboration improves the likelihood of long-term retention and retrieval of information.