What method is demonstrated in Bandura's study with baby Albert?

The correct choice is classical conditioning, which is best exemplified by Bandura's study with baby Albert. In this context, classical conditioning involves learning through association. Baby Albert was exposed to a previously neutral stimulus (a white rat) that became associated with an emotional response (fear) after it was paired with a loud, frightening sound. This leads to Albert developing a fear of the rat, demonstrating how emotional responses can be conditioned through the pairing of stimuli.

Classical conditioning is key in understanding how certain stimuli can elicit responses from individuals based on past experiences, particularly in relation to emotional and behavioral responses. This foundational concept laid by pioneers like Ivan Pavlov and the application by researchers such as John Watson (who conducted the baby Albert experiment) illustrates the mechanisms behind learned behaviors through the association of stimuli rather than through direct reinforcement or observation.