According to Freud's personality theory, which component is present at birth?

Freud's personality theory posits that the id is the fundamental component of personality that is present at birth. The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of basic drives and needs, such as hunger and thirst. This makes it the most primitive part of the personality, entirely unconscious and impulsive.

As a child develops, the ego emerges to mediate between the desires of the id and the realities of the world, while the superego develops later, representing internalized societal rules and moral standards. The conscience, often associated with the superego, also evolves from these societal influences and does not exist at birth. Therefore, since the id is the only component of Freud's structural model that is innate and immediately available upon birth, it is identified as the correct answer.