In Erikson's theory, what is the main conflict during the toddler stage?

In Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the toddler stage, which typically encompasses ages 1 to 3, is characterized by the conflict of autonomy versus shame and doubt. During this stage, children begin to assert their independence by exploring their environment and making choices. The development of autonomy is crucial as toddlers start to express their will and control over their actions.

If caregivers support this exploration and allow for appropriate independence, children develop a sense of autonomy and confidence in their abilities. However, if caregivers are overly controlling or critical during this stage, children may begin to feel shame and doubt about their capabilities, leading to difficulties in asserting themselves later in life. The resolution of this conflict lays the foundation for future self-esteem and the ability to take initiative.

The other options represent conflicts from different stages in Erikson's theory: initiative versus guilt occurs during the preschool years, industry versus inferiority pertains to the school-age years, and identity versus role confusion is relevant during adolescence. Each of these conflicts is important for their respective developmental stages but does not pertain to the toddler stage specifically.