What are the five stages of dying according to Kübler-Ross?

The five stages of dying, as proposed by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. This framework, often referred to as the Kübler-Ross model, describes the emotional responses that individuals may experience when faced with terminal illness or significant loss.

In the first stage, denial serves as a defense mechanism that helps the individual cope by allowing them to avoid the painful reality of their circumstances. Following denial, anger arises as individuals confront the emotions associated with their situation, often directed at themselves, others, or even fate.

The bargaining stage typically involves the individual seeking to negotiate a way out of the distressing situation, often making promises or trying to earn more time in exchange for lifestyle changes or concessions. As the reality of the situation sets in, the individual may enter a phase of depression, characterized by profound sadness and regret over what is being lost or will be lost.

Finally, the acceptance stage involves coming to terms with the reality of death, allowing for a sense of peace and the ability to prepare for what lies ahead. This model is fundamental in understanding the psychological journey of individuals approaching the end of life and has broad applications in both clinical settings and personal relationships.