What is described by primary circular reactions (2-4 months)?

Primary circular reactions, occurring between the ages of 2 to 4 months, are characterized by the repetition of actions that are centered around the infant's own body. This developmental stage involves the infant engaging in reflexive behaviors that are pleasurable or interesting to them, such as repeatedly opening and closing their fingers.

These actions are not merely reflexive but begin to evolve into more intentional behaviors as the infant discovers that certain movements can be repeated and enjoyed. The focus during this stage is specifically on acquiring coordination of simple actions rather than the coordination of multiple actions for intentional purposes, which would be characteristic of later developmental stages.

Primary circular reactions represent a key stage in cognitive development, indicating that infants are beginning to understand their bodily actions and their effects, laying the groundwork for further complexity in their interactions with the world around them.