What is it called when a person believes they will fail and therefore does not attempt a task?

The concept being described is best identified as learned helplessness. This psychological phenomenon occurs when an individual perceives they have no control over their situation, leading them to believe that their efforts are futile. As a result, they may become passive and fail to attempt tasks, assuming they will not succeed regardless of their actions. This mindset can stem from past experiences of failure that diminish their confidence and motivation.

In the context of the question, learned helplessness illustrates a significant barrier to performance and achievement. It highlights how negative beliefs about one's abilities can inhibit action, reinforcing a cycle of failure and inaction. This understanding is crucial in developmental psychology, as it demonstrates the impact of belief systems on behavior and mental health.

The other options relate to different psychological concepts. Self-doubt involves uncertainty about one's abilities but does not necessarily lead to inaction. Motivational decline describes a general decrease in motivation, which may not be specifically linked to a belief in failure. Cognitive dissonance refers to the discomfort one feels when holding conflicting beliefs, which doesn't directly address the phenomenon of not attempting a task due to a belief in failure. Understanding these distinctions helps to clarify why learned helplessness is the most fitting answer in this scenario.