What is preconventional morality based on?

Preconventional morality, as outlined in Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development, is primarily centered around direct consequences and individual needs. This stage reflects a focus on obedience to authority and the avoidance of punishment. Individuals at this level make moral decisions based on how actions will be perceived by those in power and the immediate outcomes of their behavior, often asking questions such as "Will I be punished?" or "What will I gain from this?"

In this context, the notion of obedience and punishment captures the essence of preconventional morality, where moral reasoning is dictated by an individual's own experiences and the potential repercussions of their actions rather than broader societal norms or ethical principles. The emphasis on personal gain and the fear of punishment highlights a developmental stage characterized by a simplistic and egocentric understanding of right and wrong. Thus, the correct answer reflects the foundational aspects of how people reason about morality at this early stage, focusing on consequences rather than abstract principles or social contracts.