Which part of the brain is included in the endocrine system?

The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the endocrine system as it serves as a key regulatory center for many of the body's hormonal functions. This small region at the base of the brain is responsible for linking the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones, which control the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. These hormones then influence a variety of bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and stress responses.

By regulating the secretion of hormones, the hypothalamus ultimately maintains homeostasis and helps coordinate the body's response to internal and external stimuli. Its pivotal position in the control of various endocrine functions illustrates why it is recognized as part of the endocrine system.

In contrast, the other regions of the brain listed do not have a direct role in hormone regulation. The cerebellum primarily coordinates voluntary movements and maintains posture and balance. The cortex is involved in higher cognitive functions such as perception, reasoning, and decision-making. The medulla, while part of the brainstem that controls autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, does not have a direct relationship with the endocrine system in the way that the hypothalamus does.