Which part of the nervous system is known as the calming part?

The parasympathetic nervous system is known as the calming part of the nervous system because it plays a crucial role in promoting relaxation and conserving energy after the body has been activated by stress or strenuous activity. This system is responsible for slowing down the heart rate, increasing intestinal and gland activity, and relaxing sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. It essentially balances the body's response to stress promoted by the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for 'fight or flight' situations.

The activation of the parasympathetic nervous system leads to a state commonly referred to as 'rest and digest.' During this state, bodily functions such as digestion, energy conservation, and maintenance of homeostasis are prioritized. This is vital for recovery and long-term health, as chronic stress without the calming influence of the parasympathetic system can lead to various health issues.

In contrast, the sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for action and tends to elevate heart rate and blood pressure. The cerebrum is involved in higher brain functions such as thought and action but is not directly responsible for calming functions. The hippocampus is primarily associated with memory formation and retrieval rather than regulating calming responses in the body.