Which stage of moral development focuses on societal rules and laws?

The stage of moral development that focuses on societal rules and laws is the conventional stage. At this level, individuals assess the morality of actions based on the expectations of society and the importance of maintaining order and cohesion within social structures. People in the conventional stage are concerned with adhering to laws and rules as they believe that these guidelines promote a harmonious society and benefit the larger community.

This stage emphasizes the value of interpersonal relationships and the social contract, where individuals feel a sense of duty to follow societal norms, not just for personal gain or avoidance of punishment, but out of a genuine desire to contribute to social order and the well-being of others. This understanding represents a progression from the earlier preconventional stage, where the focus is more on self-interest and consequences of actions.

The postconventional stage, on the other hand, involves principles of justice and individual rights that transcend specific laws or rules, indicating a more abstract reasoning about morality. Thus, the conventional stage distinctly highlights the role of societal constructs in moral reasoning, making it clear why this answer fits best. The transitional option does not correspond to a widely recognized stage in moral development theory.