Which theory suggests that behavior can be learned through the observation of others?

The theory that posits behavior can be learned through the observation of others is known as Social Learning Theory. This concept, primarily developed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes the role of modeling, imitation, and observational learning in the acquisition of new behaviors. According to Social Learning Theory, individuals can learn not just through direct reinforcement or punishment, but by watching how others behave and the consequences that ensue from those behaviors.

This theory highlights the importance of social context and interaction, suggesting that people can learn new skills and behaviors by observing and imitating role models, such as parents, peers, or media figures. For instance, a child who watches a sibling receive praise for completing a chore may be motivated to imitate that behavior to achieve similar rewards.

In contrast, other concepts listed do not focus on learning through observation. Egocentric behavior pertains to a developmental stage where individuals are unable to see things from another’s perspective, thus it doesn't relate to the learning process through observation. Operant conditioning is a learning process that is based on rewards and punishments rather than observation. Finally, extinction refers to the gradual weakening of a conditioned response, not learning behaviors through observation.